{"id":396,"date":"2014-05-05T02:11:18","date_gmt":"2014-05-04T11:11:18","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2014-05-05T02:11:18","modified_gmt":"2014-05-04T11:11:18","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ircoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=396","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 (<\/span>M-learning<\/span> ): \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d  <\/span>Mobile<\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629(\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643). \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/span>Mark wiser<\/span> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627( \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

     \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c\u0644\u0630\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (<\/span>Attewell,2005<\/span> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

   \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0633 <\/span>Vavoula&Sharples<\/span>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

1-  <\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. <\/span> <\/p>\n

2-  <\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/span> <\/p>\n

3-  <\/span><\/span> \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629( \u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

   \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a(\u0628\u062d\u064a\u060c2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f  (<\/span>Desmond,2010<\/span> ). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

1-\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a…\u0627\u0644\u062e<\/span><\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

3-\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

4-  \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

   \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 (\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c2007) :<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

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